The mathematical advances made this year are so complex that other mathematicians have had a hard time understanding them, but they have already led to advances in other areas of mathematics.
In May, Yale University’s Sam Raskin and colleagues published a series of five papers totaling more than 1,000 pages proving the geometric Langlands conjecture, the culmination of decades of research. The problem is actually a simpler formulation of the Langlands program, an even grander mathematical project that aims to: